本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ! d- A" a% m, j: M- G/ d # C" }8 `* g) Z* A2 c) L2 C1 @) c$ k转帖: K+ h# u* ^, g9 O$ S$ {, k
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)( j; E8 p+ D1 K {* b, f" p6 Q
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- i8 l" X1 z) G* k& l" P; A2 F% VMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 6 a/ w( `4 G7 Z9 _! }/ T9 W 1 V& v* z3 f; D, ^' E, E+ uThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) , {0 R5 ?8 b, Z* ]9 ]3 s4 X. n! ^9 n5 r' A3 v3 F7 n
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)& R9 }$ `0 x6 L! b1 ]; R$ e
5 ^6 w1 i" x+ b# B5 k, T1 s, F8 GThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) * F# ]7 V) R% e8 E- o4 ^5 q6 _$ P' b3 i! E1 L
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。) 5 ?1 A3 Q: T! G5 P: ^' o3 U 4 ~$ E4 ~2 q, N y C% C' c K/ }Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 5 l; P9 i& S& M1 o7 e h8 q2 m5 I4 \# m0 f, i C
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) / k: C! t: k1 K* J # q. g O# s( PThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)( l4 f( s5 i# S5 Y
- l% d% s0 w6 XWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) 0 n* Y/ ?, D; M- r/ E3 @2 N7 x9 o5 l6 p% ^5 h1 m* f
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) k5 k' J, C$ o, I" d8 M9 L' a
4 {. p2 y. L4 e4 o4 w这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!2 V3 Z9 `3 H% O" x2 O; q
7 a8 E; `1 E8 D8 h3 T) U5 Y! d! x( M* i# W3 p4 S9 k 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 ) b A8 \) v7 L% V2 \ 0 o* R# N9 I% l0 S; S例如: - V/ p- w3 n0 \. u3 \: f - m, w( H, j* o5 j6 NAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)' }) D, s$ }5 D; _6 P2 ^
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) ; y/ W$ W# `% z T4 N4 U4 r' W5 I* ~5 e3 }9 b: Q, F
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) * s% R6 j9 G# j# }' V! q1 v& p5 j5 Q+ q! S9 g3 H! ^9 _% K- Y
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because), x4 b0 Z) E1 b' E* C. w5 D
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In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)( r& _$ s/ H! Y9 x% W
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)2 I* D9 S0 q6 \1 U% N
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) z$ S; x4 f* e' q: m* _& G! g# E: I# o2 S k- s" t2 R" s$ q
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:0 s4 }& u; T- e! q
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The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。) & b" @% w8 }5 b' G1 b1 s * W9 d# g7 i) Z7 L5 oThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) % ^9 K6 ^- D( c$ p9 k' Z & x; |& M4 T# |8 YHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。) " X9 H6 J& L' Z$ o1 C ! G Z1 C5 A* y- l' L6 SHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) - f# R$ K6 F" `7 R: |! b ( a+ U+ e% L" x/ t" Q+ jWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) . ]# X" z* ^- w% ]8 C5 \4 @ 7 I* z7 E3 G+ I8 u8 U9 a) \Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) # \. B( c+ h S6 m) ]% r. |$ E! I0 _3 K* l j
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) & U; Y$ O5 p0 ~& d# O $ _9 j7 c/ C* P3 B) O此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 ! |2 o- V0 {# W" J; b - g6 {4 I0 j( d% j% I: q, x6 C9 l2 e) n7 k 3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 % a: i- } L5 [, S' L3 N+ z) C/ M/ L& s. b( P' I5 m
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% m* A8 c# n7 J6 B& iMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) 3 k6 Y! K l0 P* V9 I' r6 l" }! k) x8 W- K8 [) v$ y' `3 O
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) 8 P, Y# v- d9 _6 x b. q" V% N, V8 Z# r! t" r- N! ~& x
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) 5 e. Q* y, q) @- k! k2 w! X6 V2 C 3 n$ W! k7 f( ^, E5 k5 {/ o, QHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)' y3 G3 Z$ x F
7 a: X( y' i9 O3 oMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) , Y" u/ g9 Y7 T: N5 k6 x. @; j& ?: ]; m& Q1 Y; t* k
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)7 l6 z# A" O0 B
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Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)) Y* ^( S* V: y3 c$ t. n5 g8 P
. r- V3 E$ ?& @Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)# m9 l3 p% Z) f3 r- S3 {* y