本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 9 n3 V1 g- x7 W9 R. H5 z% J$ v6 ]4 |9 W 转帖 & i, j$ z+ a0 N1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 6 K5 N f2 K& ]9 j1 q- {& a8 R9 t% f
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. C+ G6 N+ \1 m7 ?) S7 DMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)( o0 h. R _# K, O; j2 W# t: \, u
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Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) % y/ b6 [6 Q) F7 F 1 V. k3 a' Z1 z' O! i. cThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)6 l: P2 f5 w9 z" \4 E4 g- Q! Q2 a; f
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The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) . V( a$ M* S& x& ]9 x4 d( S 2 D# h& ?- V0 `" DI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。); W3 N/ l+ p) V3 h
( V) k5 p, t5 W5 t; y# q1 @& ?* K- jMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 4 \) z0 y4 P# v: K ?" I6 D9 v( U$ i8 ]) f# E
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)* b8 |3 W5 F7 n
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) - t# i* ]3 {$ c4 g" @* V) ~8 e) v * c$ K3 [) }/ F4 } DWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) $ _ Q, F; K! T) X' ?; G , r) u2 g k7 v' I5 b: y5 QPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 9 ?/ t( P `* m% ^4 } }5 ^% y9 i, C" g2 A* O! g
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! ) @: D3 P ~ I - j' c5 S( U4 ^) w, V" i H9 a6 A0 t- S$ j% f2 A 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。 0 l _1 t1 O- q/ j( q 2 {1 T j# i; m9 [( U例如: , L$ H. L& L% v5 f1 u+ ]: j: Q8 U4 V7 @$ ? P: r2 @
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now) * ?( I" C+ ~$ |) M! l& t8 u% Q8 }: O2 P9 ?
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) # F+ a4 d8 K/ `: S" s0 z% P; S, K0 f. H6 } P
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)* i% Y* q) J. O
& J# K7 B7 d* z, c' oHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 2 y+ @# A' u$ T! X9 T - ]5 ?" I0 O! x4 {' [# `- H( Q JIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) 2 e5 t$ l/ N1 [ ( h$ H8 p& \. h/ [* Y( D5 _8 l) xShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer), U7 @3 `9 F0 T! S" D- o% ?3 j
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) . K% b% k6 o Y$ C$ J 4 i) `; {9 X+ y0 A: u7 P+ w如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:) s. z, T+ U6 `0 Q
" ^" @% t9 s1 t% T X8 n. oThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)9 R2 R0 W* p+ D7 Y
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.), X5 K; C% I2 H5 b% F$ [
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He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)0 h" C/ D$ r L @$ x5 X, L( O
' b! X' G0 o( N1 u/ QHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味) - t! v; r+ M6 o/ s4 g* z, ] 6 J% J" s. s+ lWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)' C" ?" O; G' j& l
$ F7 h2 [* [& y* ~. _Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) 1 Q/ ^2 F0 I* J% b; H3 k) x4 v0 C1 ]5 H" B3 T1 ]* E
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 2 |4 I" D" Q6 A! R- x; i v5 \/ M: I
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 2 ]1 D3 @: _: ^, r$ W. A& Q) S0 \7 C( z- e2 K1 T
8 o" J0 u# ?- B4 J: A5 A* v' \" ]3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 ' l. Z' d/ o2 J6 @5 X7 c8 q/ S $ v% w3 }# m, j+ z, M9 ~例如: + y" ]' l" G, V6 j7 W" g9 l: u7 o' Z8 g
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)! V5 E+ S/ o ^8 l- s3 \3 [7 J2 W
" V# f$ K7 r9 y pManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)! M% J% f+ g& y( W
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This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) : @2 _2 Q4 z' |/ U) G/ i/ w" v6 L* e! ^
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 1 m# \2 c' n6 g& k4 n. c0 e8 X# ?( v0 K9 x6 Q
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 7 b- r$ V7 F$ c% \ 7 e7 f% q9 e( @; TPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) 8 D# L3 ^" `( d: D1 W- k& g. l# O" ^: w6 Y
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)2 X* ?# [- G- H! N! ?
* [1 w0 W$ [7 N+ J7 Y* M1 x0 H# GStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)- e* k X# a/ W) g& m% v