找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户
Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户
独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!
比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌尤里改 - FB 稳定投放【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费
FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手
TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头全球效果广告投放平台|Vertoz IngeniousPlex广告位出租
查看: 7492|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
) D! ]! \' K0 g' v8 n/ o% E0 P* F$ D7 |
转帖+ D* y" b1 h& i
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
2 x5 i7 F( W& t

% i  s/ r& V- i( D  F; n9 H例如:
8 b' Y5 N2 M/ l* P" m' N( E" x* j, e1 X) G; R/ V; @
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)6 w9 B; A" W. M0 J" [
9 [4 o& g3 X, ^( O: T/ R6 ]
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
$ L* f, Y/ ^& Q6 N
7 r6 D. q: ]! W$ cThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)2 t) D( \; c4 M
1 _7 f, y2 S; D, W) B1 W+ ]  b
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
5 i4 c' `0 d3 P9 E- m3 I! Y, }; Y/ o( ]& S3 g: }3 U: x3 F
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
1 `% O/ T) |) q. R! }) p. @2 r" h: c0 a" K3 l7 x) }9 G
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
* ?8 U! G' Z/ }' a) ~& `
7 ~6 m! s$ t  A" z0 V+ ?We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
& c8 K2 v0 K) s) N; [7 B, C& ^+ _5 Y& ^
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
: _1 f6 Z' B$ k# G
( g. t& w& E4 MWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
6 F) |% H. b/ U4 `+ U+ F8 u5 {1 t  X. Z' L% Z
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
+ f" S, c; [$ Z4 T! K" k& b) h9 |1 F+ D# z- ^  N' ^
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
; |( X, f/ I8 B( h/ |9 b/ r* o) z& ]0 S- C

1 W% f$ b0 \/ _' C- d0 ^) t2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。$ {5 f: x; `, P& f. T6 W

* D; Q2 Z7 K; i5 r4 U- i8 @4 m例如:
& Y8 s2 r" l7 R& b) Z) T6 l0 |5 f- }: J8 R8 Y4 R# s
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)! Y7 j5 x3 _5 T9 m/ s
' M5 K5 |8 b8 b
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
" O8 X7 L  W& m1 j/ M. E) n7 b* g! X) W
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
' V& v$ ?- x7 B( ]1 f( e3 Z
" I1 ~) l" w/ j  E# ~4 DHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
0 ]+ X8 f) v+ F0 W+ K) W8 k6 O. h" @0 j+ m* o1 `. [& g
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
. U& Z! d, M! D9 W. g) ]/ x
  s1 @# i- K& r/ j; r" Z# Q+ YShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
5 m) ?' e9 p  t2 ]! W# R$ G7 x: T/ m
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)+ ^" ]# Q! u( Z! C5 x

' x6 ]7 K2 d1 k- a# [- t* @如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
* ]& z/ @) Y4 V2 P5 n" _! R7 r8 H+ b" D" v6 Y/ l
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。); w4 A9 D  I, s7 l. E. Z6 t: w7 s

9 z1 @) Y: s/ W; j; A# s$ J, h* kThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.). I# _& o: u: _# }$ a

* j4 O3 P5 D. \: y& C, R5 b) A2 x3 o" fHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)& m( `0 E& B. y# r5 U9 u: `
, O7 l; Y3 T- F0 U7 ?( G
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)& {, j8 z8 ?8 Z: t( h5 N

! p% A1 i+ `8 D: t' g7 j% C1 `We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
( j0 M1 C. b( b/ A: d6 W" Z3 r1 A; y0 R" Y4 e' h( [
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
3 g+ S( h, p, S$ U0 M: o; v8 m- }# P1 \; U  K! P& Y6 i6 D
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
) X2 C% d; m3 l# v5 W' K, ]6 X, N# |8 b2 R, \6 I4 z
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
: D6 n3 P( b! [
' N7 P& D7 o! N1 r, z; X+ J" _5 p# q2 v( j# ?% I/ u8 H$ k
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。/ a3 ]+ l7 p3 n2 a

# g/ }! H! t5 @3 e例如:) b' l3 }  A+ r4 E6 [; a

9 m7 T) K7 A' A7 K' g9 {Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
1 n' ^. c2 h: d& h( i( A/ z
0 P9 |9 X# \9 E! g3 O0 m& q( X+ kManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)6 _* S, M' `/ A: A8 l0 j
- L& I2 a, [/ I# \: K
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
' Y& N4 U/ o9 V8 h) y. q5 H* v! h" n5 A0 ^1 R
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)9 z  @0 P. F3 f5 e$ c
; P" s& J# n& I
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
+ m' z  p* E- U4 O7 ^
' `) |* _/ x" n, v+ F4 J) G% w  {Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
7 ^' c& J$ H% X  o% f" ~$ v
- c7 X& k) f# o9 U! VCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
+ f4 ?) l0 [9 _# Q0 k, A4 i" \: p1 X1 _; H
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
% d: d" I& K8 s! a& A
! [, g3 p2 i: h* V, r2 t, M同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。! y) R" d) z; `- P" X# o
- `2 t* w, T% n- m' H- D
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
6 F) s  a; B0 j! l: j. S  p8 C$ e0 ?: i$ h
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
+ x2 r. m" {% w8 M9 @* l
1 m- l* v! J$ ^# u9 ~5 F6 y  z对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
5 S( B3 p' f  M, E, Z0 T6 ]: e9 x" R# V3 L1 p
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
$ }) Q" S& r4 ?& O8 h  B# b
' Q: `, y/ D& E- t3 [/ f: J对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
0 V# W: ]7 s" J) R! {
, w3 D/ l9 l1 f; l$ U4 g至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:  L& M5 z4 N% u# N/ b  V$ V0 H( z& g/ M

7 t7 Q+ v. y1 O还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
+ q5 j' y% [# c5 m; V) ^! Q" H/ `5 E/ {4 [9 \5 o3 `
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。9 n& m6 B7 ~1 K( r7 i- E/ {# C, ~

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-11-10 20:40 , Processed in 0.061722 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表