找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPTK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户海外CL企业户源头
最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇⚡️Spend.net — 美元卡仅需$0⚡️✔Taboola海外户9千万住宅IP-低至$0.3/gb✅静态$4/ip
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 6914|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
3 f2 }. ~$ ^2 h7 R* h' `- T% [
) t4 O2 ^# h  s$ z转帖
# o3 ^# {  p  c* j1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

0 s+ ^) x+ |' i6 C& K6 h# G8 ?7 u6 D! A' u' I) o
例如:6 u0 J& w& ?; Y7 u; q1 U
" M6 ?0 b% f2 O; y) [
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)8 l5 j$ h. f4 D" r
& W/ }. |. o+ j) k( ?/ x
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
" `6 c5 P) z) j, K3 X2 Q, t* I
1 q' J, P2 \7 x  ~2 |7 V! W+ EThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
; b0 M5 x/ U1 q6 U6 M) R! ?0 l$ J. P1 U4 ]
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)( G3 ^. Y1 k, L. @

+ z* q" _) [" o, J# U4 F; uI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
6 t6 ~9 @. b) S- e; U, d6 N1 l. v8 r; Q
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
# o) \6 D6 S: v  I& ^6 I3 v: X0 w
: k, W) z5 L6 {We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!); M4 ?2 x) `- N. y
9 p* e' {% P* N8 }
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
' K; F: O4 u. `5 _- x. `3 P" r5 s9 o3 _9 S# {
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)- V. n' e0 |! Q7 C) V
" G* c* I5 P7 q1 h/ s/ n
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)0 b' @# i7 ^6 C" v9 m) E- q+ K" z7 M
9 J* q/ b+ k  t! c
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!5 j: z) Y: M, J4 G: j

/ }1 K1 ?  G& |' S' ]
" k2 U! ^% R: n( p7 T2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。9 k" ^' b; f% @5 S

# [: L+ p: Q+ q6 H7 j# b# H- _例如:
  M, @7 b  z8 a( q& D) ^, U
5 x1 M' Y+ d  mAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
7 t+ }* @! i( G* g) `! \. U( U, i9 D2 W5 h
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
6 c5 t8 O. W, W4 d) x9 \
+ F) @7 }7 r2 Q/ L- X+ sI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
, r$ ]4 k* S0 F1 c/ ^: u$ G: ]8 e" [' d5 b' l. T
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
8 I, D3 w6 p2 Q) K& v" _
8 H# E  j- ]# o. C4 [4 s$ D) hIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
  p+ h% I9 p- w5 z* N8 S! \/ d' M% v# c1 k
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer). l& q+ @, U/ Q2 ^
$ d7 S& N1 d/ T, O& c" L# C
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)( i& ^1 E5 k4 g# w3 \. b" f0 M
. d) i8 W2 \$ {' x. n9 p) p
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
2 J7 |2 a9 Q/ c2 Q/ j
3 i9 O8 \/ X, X% jThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。). p! f/ O, ~( m

/ T4 S0 A6 R) xThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)1 K' E5 j* r- E1 c$ x
( ^3 r; _/ X9 H* X
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)% n0 |, t! Q0 z& Q
, b% a) M) r, ?! V, I
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)/ G2 m5 F3 X" P. m4 x
2 W' P' ]: e1 t; Q( {/ p$ D
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的): S) w9 S. j2 B) ?
- r6 k6 \& }) e9 C+ {/ {
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)" r/ ^8 J/ B+ o1 g

6 R6 F/ p' {5 I+ _5 N, D1 n5 Q写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)5 s- e2 B$ _3 m4 N! I

. a9 L( l0 s, ?7 o  l; x此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。8 s5 J1 V& O$ g0 o; [

% U% }' F8 ]3 h$ l+ f. s$ I. \
" Q& D( `, V/ l$ U, k3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」
- Y' W0 n5 H- ]9 L
3 s$ v" Z3 O' s0 H8 p& J例如:
& l$ M* B. Q, h: c1 [# G; @3 Q
+ {* x; B$ d5 d  [Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)& K! C3 i# c2 U5 ?( h, H* L4 @

' b5 W, Q6 W5 A) R  Y: w& ]Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)' J6 e$ M: d! A3 ~$ V
: Z' g7 K& w6 k3 t, R0 c- |, s
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
/ n( I) ?& ?4 M3 H
- W6 v- M6 W: ~- T9 UHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)( h; d  G# y2 g! ~: N7 E: K" k+ b

9 G2 h! t! j3 p  UMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
/ T! U' \6 n$ I) [
- i& q  v2 y6 ~* N& `/ l1 q2 E0 e, cPolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)- z) L: V) [2 C- P4 V# b
1 B  }8 k5 s3 `! a( o+ [  n
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)% g" ^7 w3 [0 N% E/ d

6 k# e- h% S) a% IStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)3 k  b" Z9 c. r+ W7 V

8 C# l3 }6 Z- o同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
6 d) e, l# W" ~! Z$ f4 ]" _! I, @7 n  O: e6 g2 q- Y5 M
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:$ n9 e6 x8 w3 P3 d# W! Y  X

4 |; O8 k5 x3 l% g4 {3 D# c" |/ F对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;$ t. d1 S  [' Z% w/ C. D

5 h8 B6 h$ q- W; X; v对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
2 Y5 y  Q/ q1 e! x' J, Y3 @0 x! c" d) m. {) [& f. w+ W( x
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;8 H" k) K' z9 }" p
$ r: T+ p- P$ v0 K+ I6 s5 F
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
4 m3 H& T$ C2 v) f) `
3 j* M% j& G& B' i至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:, @1 x! l; p1 R1 f. ~* W$ [

. x$ E- V( k# v5 i. G还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。/ ?3 Y$ U/ K3 B' ]/ f1 B
! u) w" `; W; w4 [2 I; @0 t# h0 o
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。* o  C8 f$ j4 Z9 `" P* x

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-9-1 08:04 , Processed in 0.067355 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表