找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPTK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量
FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7264|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 / Z" d# L$ D- }* ~) H

( E; E. M) ]5 u/ R$ u转帖
6 @9 x' v/ q  r. Y: D9 l1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

$ T! p; T1 M" U8 _. K
8 a  r6 w& m, Z( r% K/ b5 y9 ^例如:
6 m& u: }0 `( _# {! ^# O8 o/ \; q' S- \0 r! t* X5 s
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)" ~& B2 Q7 r0 N8 k
  z3 ^& X/ }# ~0 Y# f% ^( \2 ?
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)8 P, w0 w  j) x) V
, D" l7 _: u0 E4 B+ U8 K
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)6 w3 N( y8 A' K& F' K7 J1 L
5 U) c+ t9 F! s5 h
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
0 V' F6 X& _( f3 x2 v! Q, U: k% @2 U# D' o' b* O
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
3 Y0 Q$ f* w- D+ R0 Y. p; x% t" m! \6 O' ?0 i, ]* f8 O
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)3 i. ?9 p) ^8 W' p' J

# z; _' T2 v2 J9 R8 {1 ^4 `' \9 ?We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
; L; F4 C5 |9 W! {6 ]& I( I5 }, f- a
The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
+ |4 `2 A- t& @# T% h4 ?
1 p, J$ G, w: MWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
9 e" z% [5 h" _- k0 ^& c: ^7 {2 F
; m! m0 N4 D) X% M! l5 d! J! r- wPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)
: |+ D: H$ L! A) C3 g
1 p; |% V. x2 \9 t- K6 k" U, i这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!- b8 X6 d  o* ~, a3 v9 q4 u& V

" f' C; d0 R: l# w  J& P  j9 j, f* U+ x4 s- [9 ?
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。
4 b- Q% L8 R" ?. _5 F: I0 M) ?) G
例如:& Z7 T' l( v$ L6 C4 O2 C$ W

- ]! l8 u2 C5 g1 [( Q& oAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
  F8 A( e$ k1 w4 n" d% x! E. |* j
3 u, K8 o3 ?: Y0 j' S# k+ O8 K0 h$ ]Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)- _* W0 p+ B0 q# i

( C: T* H/ e) z4 E; G  [0 m, Q/ FI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)0 C) A; g1 P5 \  A- D( J$ a( u

/ M: m, X% f( |He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because): x6 o. `2 a4 J1 F% \2 D# R3 }  Z
: Y2 t7 O$ }& e0 C0 N+ ]; W
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
$ P" Z( k6 s9 k3 p) F' ~: d
# y0 S9 |8 t5 s8 X/ p  eShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer); t2 O2 \/ ]" b- M8 s# U+ ?+ M
5 t% w/ {9 \# f& `; [4 {- O
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生). Q: D1 G4 i" w+ }
& \$ Q( L- ]; A& O2 n- P5 j& G2 q
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:  p3 H9 @7 g/ ?& Z5 p

' [$ j9 K" p6 eThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)4 c- J9 D2 ]- a- H
1 ]9 p, H$ }) X4 s( C
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
- {0 g# _$ g; @+ o# K: c" I
: @9 V! g7 j7 o! S+ C, y- WHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。). R0 I# n+ @; c

" B" @6 a: D1 @$ f. i' i7 @He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
% R+ s1 J# F1 B3 a3 \. p( \, y( S6 d, g) c
We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)/ ^7 R0 s  U1 F+ T2 }5 J

: d/ m3 y# E& M; i0 DEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)% T# F. u- M( G, Z3 _

+ f2 b2 }7 G! T2 v: Z+ N; [写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
9 m! j- t$ f9 q* w3 P6 p! _3 f" e8 d) W) e  @
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
9 t7 g, H, N. F' c5 t
, {6 p+ s" {+ h( T
$ @  I/ A# ]$ O% r  Y& N7 C+ _3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
  ~# \' L; X# O: ~6 H. {3 I
  i" t- ?3 C# a. v% `: Y例如:
2 |- T/ U( V  Y' ~& B/ C! Y/ |& q- ?# ?5 j$ {
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数); t6 r  a. @: C2 {9 Y! ^$ J0 y
6 T, U: l: ~& O  z% R! D8 R' s
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)6 ^' G' B& W% M
* T: e' ~% Q: i! ]7 ^' e$ h
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)% |+ u" E5 h/ E/ ?. S" x. R

) O: A* p  O" }1 x6 N/ ~He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)4 O) S2 N; V) U1 G
' v+ U! S4 x/ d2 i
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)/ P! l$ x# o+ z, M0 c; `
6 ^+ c. f* k9 C$ n% {
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
  T% U+ P8 {, A
9 H5 _/ P7 g4 h1 Z. Y9 k% j5 ~+ OCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)2 C2 P# W9 C( \# Y% X0 p3 u. b, {
( y. v1 m" T* l; B9 @6 F
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)) v7 u( Q) y. W
! Q# f$ O8 O# U. ^% |3 w
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
& P( q2 Z3 B2 g# Y+ T6 J2 I0 q" K5 t
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:8 L/ a) R& [8 l& C' k4 x2 o" L4 z

6 t: V9 ]/ o4 p+ C1 d对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;" [+ v: S  Y: z/ X! ]
& P/ b; C+ N* n7 t  F
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;! B! a6 |4 W3 U1 P) `5 b6 v

6 J6 r3 I$ M, m- X' |0 g- {对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
* Z( I. a8 l" o# l+ s  V0 L. j( r. L/ Y! `. ^/ Z
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;; a+ W' V% b: D+ c. ~6 Q

* |4 A+ q8 }% B) |5 f至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:, b, G4 L0 a( c6 L/ |
1 S4 C7 l8 @6 H: p. v
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。5 E/ K8 P" i+ J4 k$ x' l- D

& v; y0 [1 b$ h$ q有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。7 o( X( M& L% O! @, Z" L) }

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-15 13:58 , Processed in 0.072847 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表