本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 - T8 i- g% ~8 X6 ~8 Y, F3 ~
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1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)4 j. j) \) Z N3 Z5 c) G
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例如: 3 q7 K, ]3 \2 x7 Y. m' O8 s7 s7 q# n; C$ Y
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白). P/ r3 y# | k, q1 q# L; \
2 _3 j* l7 \. M6 a e- pThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。) u9 V. Y1 s2 J( t7 L0 `9 K C7 F" Y; `5 t6 Z$ E3 ^3 {" F! Q& u
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 8 W( i9 ]0 D9 ^* x3 z$ s1 F7 k8 |/ `7 b
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)8 U9 I# G6 ^ c. ~/ w
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)8 _( z1 s& R9 b2 t2 Y" Y: Y. N/ w: J
/ o! L# x4 s, hMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) 0 j# ], g6 X9 ]% m1 n2 X. G+ q( ]
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)$ a" P( m3 `& f( i7 ~1 x+ g) T0 h
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The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) 0 X, k( g/ @' z - | e& Z% N! T' G( S# RWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) ( U! j# _$ Q, C# p. Q+ O+ t+ U 8 g, V; r9 u* {Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) : V8 ?9 S6 Y* m# z5 |) ^- v: S! F& T$ j: e4 y& Z. [0 ^+ C* Q
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!( X4 S3 }* I0 d4 S( N
' o+ c/ y2 d6 yAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now): z# ` S; w, c
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)6 X+ z3 n( |( l% |" y) P8 a; n5 X
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I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) 9 X5 k b c$ i( `9 h6 u5 _5 O0 T, I2 _
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) * M @0 F( R* d$ U: h" p& k ! Y( Q# J7 s3 f* q! X$ eIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)3 D- R% q9 U/ a: i
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She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)/ [$ d( H$ x, t0 N* q, y
V2 b3 g2 Q' R7 v. H9 `" p! v5 WI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生) 2 D' N# A* O$ T0 ~1 U4 I4 L2 @! [' j; U$ R4 x B" j9 m
如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: # Y( u3 W1 H: Y& }* K( H! j / ~6 `/ E+ w ^$ W- h8 E# v2 O2 [The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)3 |" Y0 U4 b4 I5 P/ L' f1 J
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)* [; Q5 `0 R& v
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He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)" A" k8 n( u |0 W! q9 w
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味): b2 F% T) O. o$ l
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We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的): e4 Z: p4 {- D& Q* U& T
9 v0 q7 f; q* @. \5 x' YEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)' H! R0 N8 @; N1 L
^' j0 ]; b6 A" Y( R写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) 6 M! P9 p) e6 W% O: ~; p7 Y $ h" B6 i9 e) X此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。5 g+ k0 i$ m. U% l! `( ~
5 B+ W) \, M' U" t% YMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) 4 @* Z+ m, X5 U2 S9 w( @. ^' A4 I+ ^8 I
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)3 R" c: M. Q1 D; ]8 J9 S3 w ~$ w
# ?5 r- H2 h7 H9 J! ZThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了), Q! B# ], \2 b4 m7 W
& b: h* f/ n5 T4 _He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)8 u1 h; e" b2 I+ d( b
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Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 4 }9 W. J {; l% p+ e ) r/ X4 n: w8 N) ?7 z. Y3 `0 o( g( ePolicemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别) # x+ P0 ]) \" ^; x- H9 U' H $ g3 L. E2 S1 O) l. cCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)' y& P* L2 m6 b" s
9 G+ m) g! P6 g" q7 rStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。) 6 D; _) [! q6 I& {& g, ?9 v c i . s. y7 b' M+ V3 W# c: t! x) O同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。- Y2 x8 N$ D, _$ c! i: b