找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌
尤里改 - FB 稳定投放【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)
IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量
FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7328|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 ) @1 J3 V, d, Y$ h; E% M
8 Y7 S3 o) u! x0 k* r
转帖1 w6 M8 e$ h$ g7 x* M* g
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
- J5 Z1 b2 ~/ `) A! m2 ^

. j0 v5 \( Z5 u例如:
* s" f4 G. S6 ^. s/ f; w* A' }/ W! T- P0 Q( I
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
4 s0 r$ ~! V8 A- K! b) q8 r2 c  c! q
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。): z3 M$ J6 `% W% u  T3 S2 E

- c. V6 q/ U- {/ v( q" iThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
" S: F8 ], G3 x9 A( y& r7 Y/ ~3 K
% T% V) I' G2 `. ~3 R- n( R8 A  HThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)9 w, i# \. C; ^$ x) z

1 V" ~. J4 h' x& YI have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)# B9 w6 F: N! A: O9 m4 R9 D7 @

0 d* x" }4 E/ S, AMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
+ R4 a% `$ a! |1 r. q
$ O$ ^" T2 S6 R% i$ @We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)1 L# g* q# B1 I  h( q$ I

$ n  |( w' _; a% I, `The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词): ~/ q* R7 x/ V  E: n( @
- b/ Z, X. u1 ]9 R( ], D; l9 v( j+ |; {
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)
9 g' I$ F& g( A( {* x9 z
& _% ]% x3 m  t) u1 k$ O- oPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)  F; `5 G7 U1 {& P6 S

8 i1 a8 e1 ]: r* D  D- x这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
7 a( T- v" U$ i9 Z! I. T7 D* Z8 T, r' ]5 [+ y- e6 Q
* t$ f) ?0 X# i# l7 c$ A$ M" s
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。# J; m" X$ j8 V8 z
- d) h) ]$ ]  D  f
例如:
) _& p/ x6 W. h
8 \6 `" y7 K0 @3 W3 ?At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)/ P+ O( E2 F) _* O) U7 a% W! H

$ G: U/ ^5 g# @Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
6 H& v; `) n: C6 }4 U4 a1 v0 y$ g5 p- \) D. {( R- T1 y
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
% }( R9 Q" |9 ^9 b% O9 [% t+ n2 e5 K: Z! [+ O1 X' G
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
+ V0 g' K1 M2 K5 I/ i+ ~6 n% m
- |8 x( s$ G/ AIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
6 a7 h5 G3 \$ g/ q
* H- D' p$ W4 Y: CShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
6 z- H3 v( c. L* Q" q; O, ]0 j" m! B" i$ p5 }' l6 h* T
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)( N4 M/ }0 ^$ O4 k1 \

& |1 T- Z; C6 N如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:. C! R. g7 z6 y8 V$ w" B
' M3 |4 z; J/ e8 J
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)  O1 R9 t, S& F  i; `( u

4 Z& L2 H# p. c; d% ^) QThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)5 F# L5 z' T% j: [% n. E) e
% _. z; k  `' T+ T# `+ P; g9 i
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)/ E. h/ v+ \, K" E; ]- t8 P$ N. J; t

7 h2 o/ e! {( D' P! V5 Z/ R' m0 rHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
0 C8 j! w! i& ], H4 q; b
- s% J3 X& h3 u# B7 @- z3 lWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)5 G) c) v* R, i) g1 _! z

3 R- j* X3 p3 r% @Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)) c! t; r$ V( B; Z0 z

8 k4 p) W6 J/ D写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)0 C8 e- }  d" F1 e* M7 r$ {

+ h8 q, _, v2 s0 L$ s此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
1 w; }7 b7 x& ]! V, v( f
. L3 {% K* Y$ r7 ^+ s6 ~/ z! T4 L: d- Y! b+ j$ n7 B! N2 a  _
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
2 m) S* ]: l8 h( O9 w. E5 G7 H9 P3 e4 s6 r2 i% }
例如:( T% x- Q, c5 ]  ]! G2 }7 n
! ?" j7 A( c0 g
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)3 e9 E, b" J# U# V
8 ]  L; w1 Z/ I2 N5 J
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
$ c. Z7 C" D+ d& B% I% Z
7 b) W( ]% h# |' a% iThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了): I* N! n: _. U1 F2 \+ F

% Q- x+ @# z$ ~9 |6 p$ X# b% eHe (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。): Y3 C, T7 f8 U
1 x) ]- l) `& V3 l. j6 D& Y2 J1 b( i
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
- C" j3 l& P  M# ~8 \# N& |2 i5 x' o4 P/ M. T* K8 U" `8 b* i
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)+ ~6 Y% j5 J" G# r  n' @
0 l8 K- S. K0 x  H- i/ n  ]
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
! l" O# M) }8 W4 N
& }3 o% t" D, j; MStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)! @0 W  M' Q) @- {
/ \& ^. `% t' l
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。5 q6 V" q- n4 N# _' t- e5 N0 ^( M
+ C$ m8 ^5 n0 f3 I) v
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:' |4 t1 T# g. R1 w, f
; B% P" H+ h$ Y& t- \3 R4 w. f
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;  \- l9 j# X. K( M3 a

6 f# ~" W- A+ S4 C对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;; r. t. @; Y; z# i

0 g0 [! j6 w: w2 _对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
8 Q& p. Z! e% A% {& ~" U$ I; t" q; m3 m2 K2 v' ~9 Q3 B
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
: F  H  G8 M# G/ ]" s1 e  f
- d+ V, G3 B  I0 b* p至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
* n3 A, A6 }. L8 W/ Q% p# i
1 x5 `7 _. W2 q' N+ O' r还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。# L7 ]/ r5 u4 B' p5 `% \, ?

' m6 ?/ r" ^5 A" d# d. ?& r3 l1 t有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。# ~# t( l" q. S6 X

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-24 02:31 , Processed in 0.074499 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表