找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌尤里改 - FB 稳定投放
【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISP
FB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审
FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户源头广告位出租
查看: 7445|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 3 r  H: q. \3 K% y9 l) Q/ f6 F

8 f5 i3 h! S' y6 Q+ }转帖
' S- Y8 {8 l# }3 z1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)
; H' E! ?; G5 I) c' T
* O9 g8 n* c8 v% _2 m. C% f! ], B
例如:6 D; F4 V) H& J: a9 A- Y$ O

4 o% }2 {/ B4 H; Z: S9 V4 R7 {Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
5 r! K$ |: c8 q( P. N
( b$ Z3 p4 v3 S. W# RThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)% \: j& M8 _3 Q1 d( n- _2 a: S
1 |" u; x8 n, z0 _+ A7 O
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
2 f, T1 O; [# r6 P7 s3 g, B5 o/ j6 X
6 r' K, F$ Z7 V6 I7 OThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
% Q* d+ ~& B" B5 x' Q' J. m  g1 k& b$ h9 _
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)" Y5 _/ D2 l8 ~! x5 ~. [. x
; b& M6 f; |5 g: o1 F# k
Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
2 [" I5 O4 B4 }' i! u7 G+ f3 c, \' I/ D3 Y- m/ M
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)  ~" P" ]2 C! r+ P

, @. Y: }' ]" t/ z! pThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)
% h5 S$ A2 Z4 X! Q" E3 X0 ~& m' ]' R2 r
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。), F5 T# m# S6 D

6 I# E/ @: o0 R5 n! m; y8 j; ^7 `; aPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)3 U" [# f) D) l' H( X' |2 T( N

9 v- |" G! l. b+ j: L1 @) u这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!7 R0 i6 k/ k# c0 ^

9 d& X+ f. y$ s; j, L' x. M) T0 s
2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。4 a  F0 `# f- e, s" @$ K( r8 C, A

0 a/ V' m7 d5 a( A* _' _3 w例如:
; v  g# @- H+ J& L
! ]+ s2 N6 |. @2 qAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
$ D8 k9 F6 d# V; `% U# h9 ?" L$ T: U
$ p* e5 X1 G+ pDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)' Y; b5 s* a: C& r5 ~2 t
/ o' o0 |7 ]2 O# g: e5 `
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)
# O" C: y4 V: e
' q3 N" _6 R  B; SHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)4 {  Y0 v3 B$ a8 ?, R5 ~3 L, i5 ]

% Q* @# X( v: j6 GIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)2 U' A* t  u$ W  Z5 Z! J3 M5 M2 A: r% _
) X' e" M4 {4 ^
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)9 F, |: f% P  O. x

% P6 Q* O) ~1 b$ m' C3 ?5 ?I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)' X0 ?% n9 B8 {

' a+ j2 \. F% |" p$ F* ]如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
: D: M) l2 {* @: O+ v4 |* r" D, u8 A+ G3 o
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)( U6 ~% W# w( C7 j) {$ u
' d; u1 X6 s, Y% S! n1 s$ x
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)
! {7 F1 \, k' Y* U) s: P0 g' A4 R7 y
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)* H% i; v1 {' `+ B+ z1 J: u; q! G5 J( v
* m& n, {& @2 n' \  j
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
9 c! i2 l; X3 e5 ?: I% G
; N' }  x- [" F  F) |- pWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)
# g0 ^. Z- }5 V  v1 q+ ], F6 b. R8 e* q8 D' ?; w
Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收): f) }7 P( V: d7 H; p5 {
$ e6 P' {# d+ E3 V
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)' m$ R9 }+ j  S2 p/ f  C6 D) k

( x! k$ x2 i3 v2 r5 x: _. M此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。' {; n1 |& t  }+ ?1 X

; [4 p* q  H3 l" Z
# b% A0 v: A$ e. m% R4 X0 w* d3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。
% I: [% P5 z) G  w$ `5 a  \
9 x: x( f+ C8 j9 }例如:
& V6 r& V% e. g
1 f% }6 j5 r8 D! m" Y) S4 R! N. G2 ZMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数). V' t" z( p1 e  [9 r
, a$ B  Y/ j2 C  N8 M2 O
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
: a8 b" o- m& m, ]  K, m6 d9 X7 Z3 \% i4 k( ^8 g
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
  t2 S6 v0 H5 Y" ?( @; x8 K8 @; V( L, F+ G) u# H
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)( l' L0 H: \% \* O2 l
; y& y! W. {% O
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
0 t$ `% y8 z0 X2 w' N; h3 _4 x& {% ?
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)/ ]0 j  [1 @3 Q( `, q. S" F# L( U

$ |6 q  w! @" v5 C+ c# F; YCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)7 V0 U( z+ x1 S& |' L/ N' \

# l5 Z& w6 f) }8 dStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)* Q$ \$ Z6 l% o( q, t  q
/ W0 u8 X+ f  d
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。  t2 {7 U+ d& _
) U# L5 c" ]: g9 W
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
/ Z- `+ X: X, {9 u1 B. a& D! e0 F6 H5 T% F! A5 \& k* E& v2 |8 a$ a+ f
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;. S" @3 M- _( G
, K% Q, c* k3 a6 ]
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
9 S* C/ V: O( ]2 \5 ?# i
5 i8 A! d9 K0 x8 D对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;6 q4 r: a/ t  U

* ^9 y- Q8 u9 R) j对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
  {4 y0 E9 i- i4 \% A2 g  T# \4 f- w: \$ c, |* |( s  C
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:. Y% _. t) A8 X
6 b, I/ @& b2 R" |" w0 j
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。4 x* c5 p# V# ~! N  U

4 o- x( l; L) x8 g/ Z  j; d7 q有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
0 t! S$ L  m+ |! C

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-11-6 01:11 , Processed in 0.078836 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表