本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 * {5 E3 a+ g* e3 L6 n5 z& }+ C' i; F5 q/ Q$ e2 {. i 转帖 U: a, a/ J3 k1 |6 i
1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 2 Y3 c8 ?. x! D0 S) i! n% V! d5 g9 T6 X
例如:3 g( y, v2 c, H- d
* H" g/ F @. y# d$ u* I9 cMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) 7 I5 }4 J9 z1 u2 v; x+ q& ^/ i/ }! O! \8 o
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)( [4 y B4 D! y" J
! @+ G7 }$ f- G7 W7 _' {" oThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)/ q7 ]; x& o- E0 w
3 U0 g* `* u& n; m2 I/ B; b* oThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?); e9 v* ]& C7 h v! G* c
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I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)( n- ?- h4 L: @. b5 j- D# K
3 S/ [1 m& L$ V" F# O1 t5 U% @Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) " p) L, N: \5 y/ I " `% G0 t* V: L- [0 f6 nWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) 8 Y0 m- i# B, ^5 S 6 ?1 C( E4 q _) CThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词) % G6 i: w, S0 Z: _5 y 7 \4 ]" @: l& ?0 Q# x- A. T) eWe don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) 9 ~+ p! O2 \6 E 5 ?, }( R- |# X' I2 ]4 m3 p1 Z3 [Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?) 4 `5 c+ e) u, |+ _) G" y7 P: b W" A) L; t/ O- Y
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白! + S3 c8 n1 H5 G6 F- Q4 l7 {) B; k' H, ~! N0 a
! I4 w; v, w! v5 b7 M 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。7 y; M. p$ c* r1 B8 e
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例如: 3 G) }! m4 {) e+ s! h8 Z# B. O9 F: e1 ?
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)/ u. v m/ d% {* t
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) ) } `% e8 g" { U m. m) e5 [( K % @1 P5 W( h' V: A6 a3 OI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)9 {: |: r# i* @
& v* I8 u5 E; DHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)+ D4 ]# T/ r2 f g, |, R, }; _
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In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) . ~1 i2 b" Q( M7 i1 {' F/ N, t9 z7 _! M" \
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer) $ v+ W2 F5 b9 P/ _3 I6 w2 {3 d5 ^- L t. t
I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)- ]9 c9 G$ `6 t& |3 [# d- r' x/ T6 y
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如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:8 V7 U. l# N6 z7 f' G# `
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The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)* V9 }7 j+ f' I* X a9 N
/ R3 V6 ^4 [! aThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 0 N. `/ A5 Y4 d# U l& _ 3 B* ]& c/ m4 Y8 I$ e! lHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)4 ^7 m3 @! R5 _$ X( Z! y; w
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He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)7 D. Z( s- R: @" ~, ^7 D
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We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) $ ^) _3 B; w& G" T1 t3 [1 r9 r 7 N& ]* a- J2 {' REnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)( S3 e, [9 V; i
2 O' ] M* _1 @% C9 Z写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.) ; d6 A* F" `+ \/ m3 \2 M5 Z. i( @4 _3 S$ Q" V' H/ ]
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。 $ ]2 f- S3 s! c & P9 J* E: u& H- C; p, ^ $ [7 x# _) D( k3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。 1 z* |( D/ G5 A7 g6 E6 \! t # K! K5 |5 U3 X例如: $ s: I0 W' b0 ^3 o/ E) P9 ^5 T1 L5 {$ k1 K8 v4 g2 W/ V
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数) # U. A6 W ^* E0 w R8 h 7 N' [' @! ?! lManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources) $ ~5 G7 B" { ^- T" E4 ^ / B8 `) F5 K4 A7 uThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) ( V# m. Q" _9 q9 {# h / _0 p7 P5 D; w0 |& [He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) 7 j% X: B# }- s ; d4 Z! [4 X; u! |: VMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)8 L3 q) C* _* a5 ^* p