找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5GMediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】
FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线
【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️
BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理
虚拟信用卡+独立站收款【15 年团队 - 广告自动化系统、定制开发】【ActionKey】Meta API 桥接令牌尤里改 - FB 稳定投放
【神盾 AI】Meta 广告资产防护 永久免费FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISP
FB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户
✔Taboola海外户源头广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构 
查看: 7351|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Influxtec
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 4 G' j( }# z. e; q) ]0 m
7 C! U! z+ s1 d  T  A# F/ L2 ^' B
转帖
: y+ G$ [1 [/ A2 v1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

$ m3 w# ~+ }- V( t1 X) x/ s6 M
; c: I" T1 ?( j" E* b% ]" J例如:3 ]0 J/ G& R3 R6 b( E5 a1 e
8 T1 }4 ?  h3 G" `* O/ S
Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)1 p4 X: L3 \7 k4 j, s1 \2 o
3 U" e5 s0 {# a& b. f3 `
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
0 s1 s. g* W4 ?; ^3 k
+ o  K: D* u- U2 q% X# NThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)5 ?- j& D" n+ m' c6 J6 c% ^
/ J6 C8 Z% v0 R/ n+ f6 A
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
. H& N( P' T9 J- l0 }0 A! J: o. z/ Z1 O0 ^+ {+ s
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。). |8 e2 A, U0 ]6 G2 t

4 W+ U7 [# S( P3 D- oMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
- J5 `  w+ ?5 Y& x: P2 [, X7 d: v! A. G$ J2 I& {
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
& K" m  _7 [/ [# e* s
% x0 a. m& c; u" \The charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词). g" l2 b1 P8 E+ L/ ~* C
1 q% h9 I  T+ S; V
We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)( ?1 p0 [$ t4 t' b1 E* I3 j# E& i

/ ~/ S6 X$ n4 h" S( UPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)6 A2 h, @/ t( K; \  x' a# r& V
% O( f0 Z9 D9 ~
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!7 A; P" z8 Q0 n" u& R8 p' n
' w1 l1 C9 X: u7 d" J

  T" \9 f5 I9 M) C2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。. Z) M2 h9 v" k6 O9 j1 Y
+ M* ], `' L/ Y. O/ B4 V
例如:
$ Y( x& G+ X* ]- }- m* Q1 D8 t0 B! H  a  W" y7 a  D0 P
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)" ~6 G: }% q2 H! d  _( z
2 y' m0 q/ i7 M5 y  c( q$ x/ T4 f
Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
! \" g3 K( y# b8 r: \# M5 h1 X7 K7 I( G/ P5 E
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)1 k: n0 v1 [4 u: a0 J! a% L

) e0 }* A/ `9 J. l0 Q$ L8 k6 zHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
' u$ w6 S% g$ @* C' U: L
" g3 n( a1 B3 |In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)( _  }  D; o/ P4 o

7 }: ^2 q3 M  T9 F2 [, s, EShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)
, T, f5 O+ P$ s  r1 Z
0 u4 v$ J  a& R& J7 M6 nI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)4 |8 ]- c0 [: x( Y$ d

+ m+ u* `/ B) H7 e! Y如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
6 k! h& g5 h4 \" e; U' k, [8 }% A! P4 g+ V! ~6 [2 A( d) E
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)2 ?, X' F: ]: w8 c( L
6 o, l5 r! w) N' i* I/ Q- Y' o
The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)) h/ @/ c$ O5 B. _

# ?6 a; q9 Y6 o& q, x* r. sHe has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)5 F* f, y! K1 E2 L7 B9 D$ C4 f/ M. T
8 v. T  I* b7 `# T2 A
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
3 }' K8 ]0 t' D3 A
  H. @) Q/ j+ x3 U- x3 t, }We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)& v7 d; p& ^/ u: s) T5 ]7 n

' f6 q/ z, K: HEnclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)
" [6 `! n) ~3 w" D1 K- S; [* c8 E% {
) b3 V7 |# X+ m0 r7 I  d1 @4 b写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)
4 g2 l6 }7 }  m8 m# L
2 M" M  g" _* a3 o此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。6 @5 N9 V" e9 c2 Y
7 D; o8 F8 C6 E  }6 q& Z
, J' ?: j6 G  K
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。; R9 p$ K8 x7 L' A0 v6 f+ r
- V& A# E  k1 j3 |9 G7 {3 [
例如:4 l( \; _' M5 P

! {" ~* m7 a1 \8 p0 l5 i$ GMankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)  n7 b5 T% O4 B8 c/ b7 [

* T3 _, k" ?; |: C$ u0 `Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources); s2 G- a" y" r. N6 F3 q9 A& N/ X
7 m+ g. [6 B/ x3 m( ?, w+ Z
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
$ r" }$ V4 p- @4 Z- c' z, F# B2 l; D1 c* y9 e7 q! F4 `
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
: R# f$ W1 m; J
! z& |: p: V) V: I" f* S, E, hMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
9 V& m8 E6 v7 a, L) x  [) `
! m( U5 b7 ~1 _- X1 S1 ]Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
; F) u# ~0 L. v/ n  k
5 c5 R* J$ I0 HCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)% X6 x# v0 Q; A) Z" _

& c4 m( @: v! tStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
9 E/ m. T1 ^5 @; n7 k8 \2 `! I6 M/ @" h! c+ [
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
! X5 H: e% d; h4 p# Z: M; I4 q4 W3 l4 e. k; {
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:7 M2 t7 x2 Z: A+ l" Z+ w4 i

4 _2 ~" H1 h& A) v7 w对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;' {! g+ G7 L1 K' \: {

& S0 a$ k) S! V$ c- R对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
# c4 z8 R- O# m& l0 h. A
" B  y/ W7 r! w. D: _+ J4 {$ j/ i对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
1 G: G% X4 r* s7 ^" G
# K; E- P7 e1 [7 D对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;5 u+ h! f- Q) x& y# M7 X
* x3 O' j: \0 W) c
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:
* X% \  I5 S/ P0 N5 R! c+ `: k- C) D( l/ [' O1 }, f) w
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
% E/ V+ n( f: O% L* U% v- k4 ?' g) @/ \; _8 N& g* G; c, |6 p' |* Y
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。
, ~9 T% g) {- s- }5 _0 a0 W% r

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-10-26 21:22 , Processed in 0.064054 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表