找回密码
 立即注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

PropellerAds
Google-Bing-Mediago-Criteo开户
⚡️按条S5代理⚡️静态⚡️独享⚡️5G广告专用虚拟卡/U充值/高返点皇家代理IP⚡️#1性价比⚡️
Mediabuy⚡️玩家开户首选【鲁班跨境通-自助充值转账】FB/GG/TT❤️官方免费开户Affiliate 全媒体流量资源⚡️
Taboola/Outbrain /Bing⚡️一级代理开户投流-7*24h❤️人工在线【官方】❤️搜索套利买量投流开户独立站⚡️开户投放
Google FB TK游戏代投⚡️E.PN 虚拟卡⚡️BINOM TRACKER 60% OFF!比Adplexity还好用的Spy工具
ADPLEXITY + ADVERTCN7200W全球动态不重复住宅IP代理虚拟信用卡+独立站收款全球虚拟卡, 支持U充值
Facebook 批量上广告尤里改 - FB 稳定投放免费黑五教程(持续更新、欢迎交流)FB 三不限源头 - 自助下户充值转款
各种主页、账单户、BM户(优势)IPCola原生住宅IP⚡️$1.8/条双ISPFB资源,账单户,分享户,国内一手TK加白户/二解户/FB海外户/GG老户
海外CL企业户源头最大欧洲Nutra网盟BA找量 FB高权重耐操个号⚡️稳定过审GG,FB,TK, 欧美源头, 欢迎合作❤️
FB企业户海外户,授信户,TK加白户联盟收款/海外资金下发/服贸结汇✔Taboola海外户9千万住宅IP-低至$0.3/gb✅静态$4/ip
广告位出租虚拟卡返佣1%,国内持牌机构  
查看: 7048|回复: 0

[其他] 英语写作三大注意事项

[复制链接]

5

主题

104

广告币

110

积分

初级会员

积分
110

社区QQ达人

发表于 2014-1-8 22:50:21 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑
+ @" j, \# j) I$ c2 g
+ o- Y, ?0 `: E转帖
" P! j* o( m( R, ~1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word)

: r! n% r! }+ A. z7 \" H& p
. B$ ]4 Q* i% g! Y; B5 V+ }! o例如:
; z, ?9 Q3 P2 P9 n
8 X  t+ y5 ]- l4 Q7 f1 B" E) R9 NMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白)
6 H* M5 x0 E- T9 N9 ]* m
" g; H, ?8 F& LThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)
2 f0 Y4 w5 ^) [/ c1 B! {6 q* `* c% ^- r: \
This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread)
, k2 S6 w% l' r. b3 L7 _2 G9 D4 B7 m* [/ \5 s- L8 j5 h
The president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?)
3 D: c0 w- Y1 z/ E8 U* k8 F2 V( }* B; H4 M+ ~$ l( n
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。)
1 ~  g: L3 c; a) W
8 Z) P2 w: {( i# g6 c6 HMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor)
7 N  ^- Y& i, T6 {: l
! U* p' K* O# j! C6 c' h8 O% `3 iWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!)
  O2 B; ~' \0 I! O0 l7 Q3 @
8 _, j; n  ]2 j2 v! i- g. q$ lThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)+ U: @$ B& F: P1 F" ^; L

  m1 T4 {7 x% I& f8 T" \7 r' [We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。)- A+ k  e; r# a

# B, y7 K+ Y7 m0 ^$ X1 [; Z( T! bPlease act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)' q) |' c2 x+ N! W! N
0 l" j1 K# V1 V/ ~% S/ Z2 r
这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!
! a+ o* ?' j! @* C, w0 {4 d+ d( m; O( F* Z$ X+ a+ ?; o- F

! n2 L( ]& F. g2 W2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。1 c' S0 P9 }# A) k& i- {( ]

" x9 [( v: _5 m* @% T% g3 j( n例如:9 ]( {6 z* \( R! A
! G% K  _2 ]" K2 x) d9 A
At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)
0 N3 w6 R. r2 j0 c; f
8 A% C; ^5 X1 x: i, X/ G8 }, U& eDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
5 z2 e( B7 i: D3 C3 K+ q1 y" M7 j$ m3 [) _
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think)  v* \4 u" k: O

: E2 q3 v2 n; ?9 x* nHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because)
: P. Y! R1 m+ P* n& J# d& o" c& L
4 T! ^. U9 B& }0 H5 FIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually)
; Y( W( j& {" D+ u) m) E, x& W
  S8 N& l4 N) _/ u$ OShe shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer)" V8 g& b3 k5 b3 `5 d. d8 v

, [& U5 R/ U; B" Y. j: a, r7 lI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)4 ^- I9 ~7 O* i; c0 l

' X' I" k/ q7 k" ~7 L7 ~# H; ?+ k如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如:
3 z( @% [3 F2 Q/ S
! q6 h0 _6 z8 e5 ]+ J6 o! bThe consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)1 a+ `. h) Y' X  ~' ~

2 Q) M0 w$ M4 YThe letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.)7 [3 F0 F( k. j  J
. g# v  w3 f4 Z1 M
He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)5 B0 n* H1 U+ f+ j6 \
" n& _5 ~& _: M6 U' x+ h
He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)
5 S( p+ \  d  X7 V
% ~0 d' _! q; a0 SWe assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的)* d, j3 ]/ P4 f5 o; H- a! t" j

6 i5 d' v/ y) Y# j! a+ I& ^8 A8 G- ]Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收)+ l: P8 S) N0 f: t1 D3 f1 i

0 J5 b5 U) C9 x; \6 d写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)& h' p. Y& K# C( x3 N
% C/ c! }$ o3 I9 @
此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。
* s- V/ h' k+ G& E# d
. q+ K/ ^) E8 Z8 |8 N5 {+ N" {  w# a
3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」8 M( f9 X9 p$ D) C4 K4 d( [* d

- ]: g, Y& g$ R+ g例如:
% r* Z% J3 o; J  S6 f6 u* x. T) }5 o
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)- c) `% e9 m( s$ ~
( T! b5 @7 R2 Y, s% k; Q
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)) ?0 w5 a* S3 Y1 w& I

) F+ @7 ?$ q) H9 y* x, MThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
" h4 n  q2 ]* v* I! `' ~) T% T9 h3 @8 e' x- ]+ ^
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
+ v! O: P% j9 n2 R; c; Q0 U7 _2 K
1 u% |' h) b$ K' e! i9 S( WMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)0 @# T6 A$ T4 U+ j, i# {
$ v+ K2 ^! j# `( A5 \6 W. _) K
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
2 f- B+ h4 U2 |; v, F# L; l6 r& b
" u" Z$ ?! Z$ |: @Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
% v; Y* h( h5 [. a, {  u' b  b# T7 j. D. ~# O) i
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
- u* M5 h! A" Y$ w
3 P3 \# h! ]/ ^0 ]1 J  h# c同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
; r. E! s8 j9 q$ T0 Q& H" d& a3 i2 B5 e+ z2 O  }3 F
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:+ T: |9 s: y& m
7 B6 e0 B+ U5 y9 s
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;) A' n$ z' n. J; I7 x
, l6 u: z7 x! I1 v7 r9 V7 z: D
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;6 Y& p0 `4 d- Z  R
. h/ I5 F! r# [2 h. n* }
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;/ S1 X1 h( T9 {, P; ?9 n

! ?/ u/ N# n4 K' ]3 p$ [: S: R% ^对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;! r& U3 x7 L4 t7 A; Q2 {2 z
* `% C: x+ L' _/ T7 F. i, d9 T! D
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:# E: O2 Q1 e( u4 P+ G* W
) w- \: |7 k* P% G& @0 c
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
0 d9 g- I6 ?8 o: K. r/ d8 w( q6 d
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。, l% o0 W3 L) u: P# t

评分

参与人数 1广告币 +2 收起 理由
ゞ灬W老大つ + 2 很给力!

查看全部评分

相关帖子
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

关于我们|联系我们|DMCA|广告服务|小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|Github|网站地图|AdvertCN

GMT+8, 2026-9-17 22:17 , Processed in 0.066785 second(s), 23 queries , Gzip On.

Copyright © 2001-2026, AdvertCN

Proudly Operating in Hong Kong.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表