本帖最后由 finder 于 2014-12-28 00:10 编辑 6 t& r! @4 A/ J1 B2 M
0 d$ d) }* ?3 A3 i3 d8 N 转帖 & C( U" E3 T& a1 ~0 V- y4 ]: @5 M0 g1. 尤其在商业上,报章杂志或公文书信上,尽量不用难字 (big word) 或过时的字眼 (old-fashioned word) 0 N! K" i5 ?3 s: k+ Y5 Y& o# i ( w+ p% b p# |4 }例如:9 d: n; o, r' R( T( V4 s7 J$ @
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Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (许多人认为道德教育是高等知识的基础) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白) % W7 Z. A' K/ B# p. j) ^$ N" F ( S* o2 U9 p" qThree hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英亩的土地是本大学发展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,会更简单易懂。)$ c; v& R- B! Y# l5 f |( |6 a
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This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (这消息已散布到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更简单?) (动词时态是:spread, spread, spread) 3 d; D( @; `9 e" {) v & N% T0 x( ~3 zThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (这大学的校长个子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白吗?) [6 \6 ]1 M" A. A- C2 s8 G8 n4 [) |" t0 \' b1 ]$ o
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的员工解释这份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也许更明白。). L. |; L0 `0 p9 z. X7 N
# Q7 _2 d. i+ y; s+ C% rMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想尝试当个医生) (如果用try代替endeavor,会更浅白。) (endeavour = endeavor) , ?' Z5 B" J. F; H. r4 {' y( p. _. c# k2 z! f% M
We hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我们希望将来看到世界和平)(如果用see代替visualize,也许更简单!) 4 V$ o; G, A5 @7 k9 G, M+ B & H f1 T. @$ B5 T% @' d0 kThe charitable organization solicits for our annual donation. (慈善机构要求我们一年一度乐捐)(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更浅白易懂。)(solicitation是名词)* G% W6 ^8 O6 f2 e2 e! M Z& K5 Y' H) [+ w
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We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (当新老板来后,我们不知会有什么发生。) (如果用happen代替transpire,也许更明白。) % h/ k$ A8 J; S) m% b0 d/ r T' t, B
Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提过的事,请尽速办理。)(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?)8 F5 l1 x/ f( Y7 X4 s+ [
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这就像美国大文豪马克吐温 Mark Twain 也曾说过:「我不愿在字典里找长字或难字,我绝不用『metropolis』这个字,因为我同样可以用『city』这个字来代替」。罗斯福总统为了强调美国政府不会遗忘那些穷人,在一篇讲词里用了这么一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」后来被人批评咬文嚼字,卖弄文笔。如果用浅白易懂的字眼写成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也许更简单明白!! S6 k- i* Y1 h
8 K- H, ]0 P; \8 n' u6 P! b: B. Y1 j+ C! O* v; B 2. 老外也主张不写噜苏或绚丽的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子应该越短越好,一句能用两个字,绝不多加一个。/ W( o/ N. M, C( s
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例如:8 A1 q! W2 H* z, E8 l" n
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At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)(如果说:Now, we should pull......更简单。因为 at this point in time = now)& X3 v! `, a& g
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Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (虽然我的英语不好,但我不灰心。) (如果说:Although my English is not...... 就更简短。因为despite the fact tha t= although = Though) ( | L; }! | n ) b. {- b) O; ZI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生应该辞职) (假如说:I think Mr. Lee should......不是更简单吗?因为I am of the opinion = I think) : X+ ]* e1 u& F ! w8 C2 p7 z0 B! o! {7 x1 ?# xHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辞职) (若说:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更简单。因为 due to the fact that = because) 7 m) E6 G* K8 C& F( f( W7 f5 C1 t # J! ]) `+ `1 H; _9 m1 k4 fIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室) (如果说:Usually, he likes to ride...... 更简单。因为 in the majority of cases = usually) % f+ s7 L4 p! a: [% f) h$ i+ C ` J% {0 d, F$ ^) r) S; G. }+ f
She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜欢茶而不是咖啡) (若说:She prefers tea rather......更简短清楚,因为 show a preference for = prefer), {6 J% R6 k/ c3 a6 y) i2 n, Z6 m
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I will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生), ^/ S; a _% S" @! X
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如果只说:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更简单吗?因为 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最后面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意义的重复或用字的多余 (redundant); 例如: , U# i0 O$ s: \7 X- [2 z" A! @0 ^5 ]. A
The consensus(of opinion)is that we have to act right away.(大家认为我们必须立即行动)(of opinion 可以省去,因为 consensus 的意思,就是大家的意见。)/ k! X: U4 ]) h6 F! A {
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The letter shows that the problem(continues to)remain unsolved.(他的信显示问题尚未解决)(continue to 是多余的字,因为 remain 已经有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成为:The letter shows that the problem remains unsolved.) 2 y- z+ ` N# q8 j4 V, g0 E7 q 7 x, ?. c" I2 G0 c' k- H7 V% ~He has made his (final) conclusion in his speech.(他在演说里做出结论) (final 是多余的字,因为 conclusion 已经含有 final 的意思。)$ t, k" W* Y* s3 J5 U# _
y& j7 G0 v. ?6 {6 Z: ]$ _( ZHe has had many years of (actual) experience in business。(他有多年经商的经验) (actual 也是多余的字,因为 experience 已有 actual 的意味)0 Y P) u0 t6 H' r& W) d
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We assembled (together) all the parts for our radio.(我们装好收音机的零件)(因为 assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的) ( f% Q4 i K& \ ) }2 G4 k. h0 d5 N3 P) ?Enclosed (herewith ) please find the report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因为 enclosed 就有 herewith 的意思)(即:附上会议报告,请查收) + w; d& Y/ a" f9 c4 }$ R2 X6 b+ V- c- G- b
写到这里,想起一位深受美国人民爱戴,一向主张不写长句、不噜苏的美国已故参议员 Stephen Young,他每次受邀参加会议、演讲、宴会时,他的回信只有三个字「我会到」(I'll be there)......。也有人打趣的说:「讲演或写作的句子,就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。」(Like wearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better.)* x* p/ I' R8 q
2 o* B7 l1 h# b2 S) {+ }% _此外还有:in reference to = about;draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等。: C2 @/ f7 @) E @ P: k+ Q
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2 P P- C0 u. X: x1 q3.老外为了族群和谐相处,除不用歧视或偏见的字眼外,连男女性别,也要避免区别,以示「平等」。( N& T& \3 [9 p' b/ F0 u
1 e- e+ h, n5 T& Z例如: / x5 f5 A( h4 W( I" A$ Y2 s( [& d$ m9 B2 t$ ~1 X7 c) o
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)# M$ q6 c2 U& ?* J
' w# W* ?2 Z" D2 z# e) pManpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)2 ?% v) S! o" \/ X
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This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了) * Q* y, P7 R$ b# ^/ o: ]$ ^, E. C9 _, S. M% W
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。) & V5 J! q: M* C 5 ~; }3 n- h4 O& v2 iMany businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。) 5 A& f) t9 M _) v9 G5 [1 W5 \. I' j+ ^
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)5 F' _3 I1 ?$ Q% f7 X" N2 x) Q
6 h4 K$ a+ L9 mCongressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)$ I( F8 y5 D" D% {" N3 Z N
. g- m" C& V" s" e# S/ b1 \Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)2 j+ G2 X4 Z! j
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同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。5 I0 Y1 o9 d6 J& q: D' }